조선일보 뉴스에 난 기사이다. 전부를 실용하진 못하더라도 몇가지 방법들은 일상속에서 적용하여 보는 것도 좋을 것 같다.



뉴스의 내용을 정리하면 다음의 6가지 방법이다.

1. 걷기

"미국 일리노이대 의대 연구팀이 평균적인 뇌 크기를 가진 사람 210명에게 1회 1시간씩, 1주일에 3회 빨리 걷기를 시키고, 3개월 뒤 기억을 담당하는 뇌세포의 활동상태를 조사했더니, 자신의 연령대 보다 평균 세 살 어린 활동력을 보였다"는 내용과 함게 걷기 운동이 운동 경추를 자극하여 뇌 혈류를 2배로 증가시켰다고 한다.

가까운 거리는 걸어서 가보는 센스가 필요하다.

2. 와인

"뉴질랜드 오클랜드의대 연구팀은 하루 1~2잔의 와인이 기억력을 크게 향상시킨다는 연구결과를 내놓았다. 뇌에는 NMDA라는 기억을 받아들이는 수용체가 있는데, 이것이 알코올에 민감하게 반응해 활성화된다는 것"으로 직장인들로 치면 하루 1잔의 소주가 건망증 예방에 효과적일까?

집에 먹다 남은 와인을 요리첨가제로만 쓰지말고 저녁에 한잔씩 홀짝 거려야겠다.

3. 커피

"프랑스국립의학연구소 캐런리치 박사가 65세 이상 성인 남녀 7000명을 대상으로 4년 동안 연구한 결과, 커피를 하루 세 잔 이상 마신 그룹은 한 잔 정도 마신 그룹에 비해 기억력 저하 정도가 45% 이상 낮았다"고 한다.

그런데, 하루 3잔이면 권장 섭취량을 넘어서는 것은 아닌지 모르겠다.

4. 잠

"미국의 정신의학자 스틱골드가 2000년 인지신경과학 잡지에 발표한 논문에 따르면 지식을 자기 것으로 만들려면 지식을 습득한 날 최소 6시간을 자야 한다"고 전했다.

얼마전 TV 프로그램에서 본 내용인데, 렘수면[수면은 '비(非)렘수면'(Non-REM·Rapid Eye Movement)과 '렘수면'(REM)으로 나뉘는데 렘수면 동안 뇌가 활발하게 활동한다. 렘수면이란 사람의 눈동자가 빠르게 운동한다고 해서 붙여진 이름인데, 꿈과 관련이 있고, 하룻밤 잠의 1/4을 차지한다. 렘수면은 낮에 수집한 정보를 오랫동안, 정확히 기억하게 함으로써 기억을 강화하는 구실을 한다.] 단계에서 장기기억이 이루어진다고 했다.

특히, 12시전에 잠을 자기를 권장하고 있다.

5. 메모

"우리 뇌의 장기기억(오랫동안 반복돼 각인 된 것) 용량은 무제한이다. 하지만 단기기억(갑자기 외운 전화번호, 그 날의 할 일의 목록, 스쳐 지나가는 상점 이름 등)의 용량은 한계가 있다" 고 하며, 단기기억량을 감소시키기 위하여 메모가 필요하다고 한다.

손에 쥐기 편한 노트하나 장만하자.


6. 독서

"치매 예방법으로 알려진 화투나 바둑보다 독서가 더 기억력 유지에 좋다"고 한다.

지금 서점에 책 하나 사러가자.

1/3

The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information

by George A. Miller

originally published in The Psychological Review, 1956, vol. 63, pp. 81-97
(reproduced here, with the author's permission, by Stephen Malinowski)

---

Table of Contents

• Information measurement
• Absolute judgments of unidimensional stimuli
• Absolute judgments of multidimensional stimuli
• Subitizing
• The span of immediate memory
• Recoding
• Summary
• References

---

My problem is that I have been persecuted by an integer. For seven years this number has followed me around, has intruded in my most private data, and has assaulted me from the pages of our most public journals. This number assumes a variety of disguises, being sometimes a little larger and sometimes a little smaller than usual, but never changing so much as to be unrecognizable. The persistence with which this number plagues me is far more than a random accident. There is, to quote a famous senator, a design behind it, some pattern governing its appearances. Either there really is something unusual about the number or else I am suffering from delusions of persecution.

I shall begin my case history by telling you about some experiments that tested how accurately people can assign numbers to the magnitudes of various aspects of a stimulus. In the traditional language of psychology these would be called experiments in absolute judgment. Historical accident, however, has decreed that they should have another name. We now call them experiments on the capacity of people to transmit information. Since these experiments would not have been done without the appearance of information theory on the psychological scene, and since the results are analyzed in terms of the concepts of information theory, I shall have to preface my discussion with a few remarks about this theory.

Information measurement

The "amount of information" is exactly the same concept that we have talked about for years under the name of "variance." The equations are different, but if we hold tight to the idea that anything that increases the variance also increases the amount of information we cannot go far astray.

The advantages of this new way of talking about variance are simple enough. Variance is always stated in terms of the unit of measurement -- inches, pounds, volts, etc. -- whereas the amount of information is a dimensionless quantity. Since the information in a discrete statistical distribution does not depend upon the unit of measurement, we can extend the concept to situations where we have no metric and we would not ordinarily think of using the variance. And it also enables us to compare results obtained in quite different experimental situations where it would be meaningless to compare variances based on different metrics. So there are some good reasons for adopting the newer concept.

The similarity of variance and amount of information might be explained this way: When we have a large variance, we are very ignorant about what is going to happen. If we are very ignorant, then when we make the observation it gives us a lot of information. On the other hand, if the variance is very small, we know in advance how our observation must come out, so we get little information from making the observation.

If you will now imagine a communication system, you will realize that there is a great deal of variability about what goes into the system and also a great deal of variability about what comes out. The input and the output can therefore be described in terms of their variance (or their information). If it is a good communication system, however, there must be some systematic relation between what goes in and what comes out. That is to say, the output will depend upon the input, or will be correlated with the input. If we measure this correlation, then we can say how much of the output variance is attributable to the input and how much is due to random fluctuations or "noise" introduced by the system during transmission. So we see that the measure of transmitted information is simply a measure of input-output correlation.

There are two simple rules to follow. Whenever I refer to "amount of information," you will understand "variance." And whenever I refer to "amount of transmitted information," you will understand "covariance" or "correlation."

The situation can be described graphically by two partially overlapping circles. Then the left circle can be taken to represent the variance of the input, the right circle the variance of the output, and the overlap the covariance of input and output. I shall speak of the left circle as the amount of input information, the right circle as the amount of output information, and the overlap as the amount of transmitted information.

In the experiments on absolute judgment, the observer is considered to be a communication channel. Then the left circle would represent the amount of information in the stimuli, the right circle the amount of information in his responses, and the overlap the stimulus-response correlation as measured by the amount of transmitted information. The experimental problem is to increase the amount of input information and to measure the amount of transmitted information. If the observer's absolute judgments are quite accurate, then nearly all of the input information will be transmitted and will be recoverable from his responses. If he makes errors, the transmitted information may be considerably less than the input. We expect that, as we increase the amount of input information, the observer will begin to make more and more errors; we can test the limits of accuracy of his absolute judgments. If the human observer is a reasonable kind of communication system, then when we increase the amount of input information the transmitted information will increase at first and will eventually level off at some asymptotic value. This asymptotic value we take to be the channel capacity of the observer: it represents the greatest amount of information that he can give us about the stimulus on the basis of an absolute judgment. The channel capacity is the upper limit on the extent to which the observer can match his responses to the stimuli we give him.

Now just a brief word about the bit and we can begin to took at some data. One bit of information is the amount of information that we need to make a decision between two equally likely alternatives. If we must decide whether a man is less than six feet tall or more than six feet tall and if we know that the chances are 50-50, then we need one bit of information. Notice that this unit of information does not refer in any way to the unit of length that we use -- feet, inches, centimeters, etc. However you measure the man's height, we still need just one bit of information.

Two bits of information enable us to decide among four equally likely alternatives. Three bits of information enable us to decide among eight equally likely alternatives. Four bits of information decide among 16 alternatives, five among 32, and so on. That is to say, if there are 32 equally likely alternatives, we must make five successive binary decisions, worth one bit each, before we know which alternative is correct. So the general rule is simple: every time the number of alternatives is increased by a factor of two, one bit of information is added.

There are two ways we might increase the amount of input information. We could increase the rate at which we give information to the observer, so that the amount of information per unit time would increase. Or we could ignore the time variable completely and increase the amount of input information by increasing the number of alternative stimuli. In the absolute judgment experiment we are interested in the second alternative. We give the observer as much time as he wants to make his response; we simply increase the number of alternative stimuli among which he must discriminate and look to see where confusions begin to occur. Confusions will appear near the point that we are calling his "channel capacity."

Absolute judgments of unidimensional stimuli

Now let us consider what happens when we make absolute judgments of tones. Pollack [17] asked listeners to identify tones by assigning numerals to them. The tones were different with respect to frequency, and covered the range from 100 to 8000 cps in equal logarithmic steps. A tone was sounded and the listener responded by giving a numeral. After the listener had made his response, he was told the correct identification of the tone.

When only two or three tones were used, the listeners never confused them. With four different tones confusions were quite rare, but with five or more tones confusions were frequent. With fourteen different tones the listeners made many mistakes.

Figure 1. Data from Pollack [17, 18] on the amount of information that is transmitted by listeners who make absolute judgments of auditory pitch. As the amount of input information is increased by increasing from 2 to 14 the number of different pitches to be judged, the amount of transmitted information approaches as its upper limit a channel capacity of about 2.5 bits per judgment.

These data are plotted in Fig. 1. Along the bottom is the amount of input information in bits per stimulus. As the number of alternative tones was increased from 2 to 14, the input information increased from 1 to 3.8 bits. On the ordinate is plotted the amount of transmitted information. The amount of transmitted information behaves in much the way we would expect a communication channel to behave; the transmitted information increases linearly up to about 2 bits and then bends off toward an asymptote at about 2.5 bits. This value, 2.5 bits, therefore, is what we are calling the channel capacity of the listener for absolute judgments of pitch.

So now we have the number 2.5 bits. What does it mean? First, note that 2.5 bits corresponds to about six equally likely alternatives. The result means that we cannot pick more than six different pitches that the listener will never confuse. Or, stated slightly differently, no matter how many alternative tones we ask him to judge, the best we can expect him to do is to assign them to about six different classes without error. Or, again, if we know that there were N alternative stimuli, then his judgment enables us to narrow down the particular stimulus to one out of N/6.

Most people are surprised that the number is as small as six. Of course, there is evidence that a musically sophisticated person with absolute pitch can identify accurately any one of 50 or 60 different pitches. Fortunately, I do not have time to discuss these remarkable exceptions. I say it is fortunate because I do not know how to explain their superior performance. So I shall stick to the more pedestrian fact that most of us can identify about one out of only five or six pitches before we begin to get confused.

It is interesting to consider that psychologists have been using seven-point rating scales for a long time, on the intuitive basis that trying to rate into finer categories does not really add much to the usefulness of the ratings. Pollack's results indicate that, at least for pitches, this intuition is fairly sound.

Next you can ask how reproducible this result is. Does it depend on the spacing of the tones or the various conditions of judgment? Pollack varied these conditions in a number of ways. The range of frequencies can be changed by a factor of about 20 without changing the amount of information transmitted more than a small percentage. Different groupings of the pitches decreased the transmission, but the loss was small. For example, if you can discriminate five high-pitched tones in one series and five low-pitched tones in another series, it is reasonable to expect that you could combine all ten into a single series and still tell them all apart without error. When you try it, however, it does not work. The channel capacity for pitch seems to be about six and that is the best you can do.

While we are on tones, let us look next at Garner's [7] work on loudness. Garner's data for loudness are summarized in Fig. 2. Garner went to some trouble to get the best possible spacing of his tones over the intensity range from 15 to 110 dB. He used 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 20 different stimulus intensities. The results shown in Fig. 2 take into account the differences among subjects and the sequential influence of the immediately preceding judgment. Again we find that there seems to be a limit. The channel capacity for absolute judgments of loudness is 2.3 bits, or about five perfectly discriminable alternatives.

Figure 2. Data from Garner [7] on the channel capacity for absolute judgments of auditory loudness.

Since these two studies were done in different laboratories with slightly different techniques and methods of analysis, we are not in a good position to argue whether five loudnesses is significantly different from six pitches. Probably the difference is in the right direction, and absolute judgments of pitch are slightly more accurate than absolute judgments of loudness. The important point, however, is that the two answers are of the same order of magnitude.

The experiment has also been done for taste intensities. In Fig. 3 are the results obtained by Beebe-Center, Rogers, and O'Connell [1] for absolute judgments of the concentration of salt solutions. The concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 34.7 gm. NaCl per 100 cc. tap water in equal subjective steps. They used 3, 5, 9, and 17 different concentrations. The channel capacity is 1.9 bits, which is about four distinct concentrations. Thus taste intensities seem a little less distinctive than auditory stimuli, but again the order of magnitude is not far off.

Figure 3. Data from Beebe-Center, Rogers, and O'Connell [1] on the channel capacity for absolute judgments of saltiness.

Figure 4. Data from Hake and Garner [8] on the channel capacity for absolute judgments of the position of a pointer in a linear interval.

Ubiquitous Player in Korea.

Ericsson Press Releases

sunrise selects Ericsson's mobile music service M-USE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Tuesday, February 24 2004

sunrise, a leading Swiss provider of mobile, fixed net and Internet
services, has selected Ericsson's mobile music service M-USE. The
M-USE service, which Ericsson has developed in cooperation with Sony
Music, is being integrated into sunrise live, the Swiss operator's
mobile portal.

The sunrise M-USE service will feature music clips, artist pictures
and music news. M-USE is prepared for music video streaming, music
downloads, ringback tones, and master tones. It features an advanced
personalization engine that recommends artists and tracks tailored to
each consumer's individual music taste. It runs on GPRS as well as
over UMTS.

Ericsson has already delivered and is hosting a large number of
consumer services to sunrise, many of which can be found in its
highly successful sunrise live mobile portal. The mobile music
service M-USE now adds, among other things, StarMMS to sunrise's
mobile entertainment offering. The StarMMS combines artist pictures
and music clips in unique ways.

M-USE provides music fans with a broad portfolio of international
as well as local artists from Sony Music's extensive catalog.
This means that sunrise subscribers will enjoy music content from
international stars such as Anastacia or Beyonc? Content from
other record labels will be available in the near future.

The M-USE service is accessible over Web, WAP, and SMS. The music
packages are currently sent out via MMS. The scalable platform
accommodates any relevant delivery technique or content type,
including video streaming, music downloads, ringback tones (the
caller hears music instead of the ringing tone) or master tones. With
master tones M-USE will bring real songs as ringtones to mobile
phones.

M-USE uses the latest in Digital Rights Management (DRM) as well as
an artificial intelligence engine which continuously monitors users'
individual music taste and then recommends complementary music for
each user.

"sunrise live is our answer to the increasing demand for mobile
services among which enriched music content is a key driver providing
users with real benefits," says Gert Rieder, COO sunrise Mobile. "As
the first Swiss provider to have successfully launched a mobile
multimedia portal we are proud to further team up with Ericsson and
take advantage of their experience both as vendor and solution
provider."

"I am very pleased that sunrise has chosen M-USE. This shows that
customers use and enjoy this mobile telephone service that we
developed with Ericsson," states Balthasar Schramm, President, Sony
Music Germany, Austria and Switzerland. "We will continue to work on
adding to and optimizing this service in order to increase its value
to consumers even more," he adds.

Ericsson is shaping the future of Mobile and Broadband Internet
communication through its continuous technology leadership. Providing
innovative solutions in more than 140 countries, Ericsson is helping
to create the most powerful communication companies in the world.


FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT:

Ericsson
Communications
Vivienne Almqvist
Phone: +46 70 526 2231
E-Mail: press.relations@ericsson.com

Ericsson AG
Media Relations
Rolf Weiss
Phone.: +41-1-807 23 10, +41-79 221 26 19
Fax: +41-1-807 23 48
E-Mail: ch.presse@ericsson.com

Sony Music
Sharon Mehler
Director Corporate Communications GSA (Germany, Switzerland, Austria)
Phone: +49 30 13 888 7279
Email: sharon_mehler@de.sonymusic.com

sunrise
Monika Walser
Executive Director Corporate Communications
Phone: +41 (0)1 555 69 33
Media-Hotline: 0800 333 000
E-Mail: media@sunrise.net

About sunrise
sunrise is the brand name of TDC Switzerland AG, the company
resulting from the merger of the telecommunications companies diAx
and sunrise. The TDC Group owns 100% of the share capital of TDC
Switzerland AG. sunrise offers its customers state-of-the-art
telecommunications services in the areas of mobile phone, fixed
network and Internet. The sunrise mobile phone network has the most
modern GSM dual band infrastructure in Switzerland and already
provides a mobile phone coverage of 98%. sunrise has a high-quality,
high-performance fiber optic network with a total length of 7000
kilometers - Swiss-wide. Presently, sunrise has approximately 2500
employees.

[ref] http://www.ericsson.com/press/20040224-080211.html

Wow... it was my old ideas...

People must get bored when they downloading files. Generally, downloading process has been shown in a pop-up. MS's new UI has changed the trend.

They it goes downloaded, then people can read how to use this product after installing, how to set up configuration and what is changed in the new version.

From the user side, they can get more information about new product and get rid of boring. From the company side, more promotion and get more retention time in their sites.

They is true customer relation management tips.

-
Andy

Hi, Blue-eyed Managers in Korea

This is Andy, one of your team members. Personally, I'm so happy to work with you. I really wanted to work in an international environment.

Maybe I can learn something from you.

I know you are worried about cultural differences in Korea, but don't worry about it. When you are confident about something, then all your team members are ready to follow you. There aren't many things to consider. To reveal something, maybe some differences exist. Now I’ll give you some tips.

Koreans work longer than other countries but they are allowed to have more time to relax during working hours. They smoke and drink soft drinks during working hours when they have enough time even during biz hours. I heard other country’s companies are stricter about that. Instead of longer hours, Americans have longer lunch times and some official coffee breaks between meetings or something.

There is some cultural respect between people of different ages in Korea. The senior members are respected by younger members. They are friends, but young members often tend to follow old member's opinions in their personal lives and sometimes in their official times. In some aspect they are friends, but in some other ways, older members are treated as in a higher position. It's more severe between woman workers. So, when you work with Korean guys you'd better try to give some important job to the senior staff if there is no logical & political reason for you to give an order.

I recommend you'd better not to talk about personal patriotism US or UK in Korea. There are some bad feelings about the US or UK in Korea because of, so called, US & UK's Imperialism to world countries using US & UK forces. It's more serious with young juniors. So stay neutral
in a political situation when you talk about your personal opinion.

There are also some who respects to your country in some ways, but Koreans pretend not to respect it, because they are highly self confident individuals. They tend not to give their opinions to their boss compared with other country’s employees. As a team manager, you should try to give more time to listen to your team members and also try to understand their opinions.

They answer questions mechanically in some ways, but they more often speak their opinions after having a drink. We call it 'hye-sik', it's a kind of official term for a popular type of drinking culture in Korea. The company pays for all the drinks. So, when you want to know more about your team members, you'd better have more social functions.

Koreans are somewhat conservative and a bit shy in some aspects. However when they are motivated, they become highly energetic and quite goal-oriented people. You can feel more similarities rather than differences in working with Koreans. Nowadays, more and more Koreans have experienced international environments and they hope and prefer to work with foreigners. I think you have a really good chance to improve your professional career. You can easily achieve your goal with the help of your team members.

Don't worry, be happy. Don't worry, just start. You can afford to get your success. Heaven help those who help themselves.


Sincerely,

Andy Na

Personally, I enjoy bass sound when I listen to music.
That's why I always consider buying a Sony audio product. They provide a high fidelity bass sound than other manufacturers like panasonic, aiwa.

Today, I realized that their is a special function in setting a volumn of MS windows. It's not a default function, so I have to click several times to find it.
I found it suddenly when I try to find more options.

I used to play music by itunes, bacause it's really easy to control details.
easy to realize where the functions that I'd like to control.

I think MS made a mistake. Because, bass boosting fuction is a preferred function to make a sound better than other options among music mania.

To make it better, they need to place it in front as a default options rather than advanced functions.

Now, I enjoyed music with highly tuned sound.
Thanks anyway MS.

Andy, the smart user experience

updated on November 29, 2004

Andy Na
Usability Lab, Research Team, WiderThan co., ltd.

RESUME SUMMARY

▶ Primary School : Master of Design, Industrial Design school for Advanced Studies at Hongik Unversity, Seoul, Korea
Graduation Date : February 1994

▶ Primary Career :
P&G Corporate Website, Samsung Enterrprise Portal UI Consulting
NATE on Handset Mobile Portal UI Consulting & Design
June User Experience, IA, Design
NATE on PDA UI Consulting

▷ Music Business Division, Melon Corporate Planning Team

▶ Prize
LG Electronics, International Design Competition, Honourable Mention
1st Chosunilbo newspaper Internet Website Award, Design part, Grand Prize (Chosunilbo is one of the biggest newpaper in Korea)
Korean Design Management Award, Multimedia part, Leadership part, Grand Prize.

▶ Lectures
Mobile User Interface, Graphic User Interface at the Hankyoreh Cultural Education Center, IDAS, KIDP
KIDP is the National Design Council of Korea.
IDAS was the National Design Graduate School in Korea.

RESUME FULL VERSION

● Industrial Career
(Telecom) Seoul Mobile Telecom, R&D Center,
International Telecommunication Researcher & Online Service Manager
(Venture Company) Ecom, a subsidiary company of Medison co., ltd, Team manager of Planning division
(L G) InteriorLG.com, LG Chemistry, Planner
(Samsung) OpenTide Korea, a subsidiary company of Samsung SDS, Information architecture consultant(IA)
(S K) WiderThan co., ltd., a subsidiary company of SK Telecom, User Experience Consultant, Sr. Consultant, Senior Manager

● Educational Background
- Bachelor of Electronics Engineering, Hanyang Unversity, one of the best university in engineering
Graduation Date : February 1994
- Master Course, SAdbK, The State Academy of Art and Design at Stuttgart, Germany,
Course Date : March - July 1997
- Master of Design, IDAS, Hongik Unversity
Graduation Date : February 1998

● Professional Career based on Projects
- Procter & Gamble Korea. Corporate Website Development
- ICOGRADA, Web Promotion Site Development
- InteriorLG.com, eCommerce Site based on SAP R3
- Samsung Group, Enterprise Portal Site, UI Consulting
Enterprise Portal is a extended version of intranet based on internet environment
- NATE on Handset, NATE ON, an wired-wireless Messenger, UI Renewal Consulting
- NATE quick Mail, UI Renewal Consulting
- JUNE, a 3G Mobile Multimedia Internet service in Korea, User Experience Design
- NATE coloring 5082, IVR Service, Voice User Interface Renewal Consulting
- NATE PDA UI Consulting
* PDA UI Strategy
* PDA Mobile Portal Strategy
* PDA Main Application Design
-AirwiseCSM Solution UI Consulting,
* Content Download System for Israel Orange

-AirwiseV.Studio Solution UI Consulting,
* VoiceXML Service Creattion Environment for IVR for Taiwan
-WiderThan.com Solution UI Guideline v1.0 (Feb 2004)
-NATE Coloring VM UI Diagnosis Consulting
-NATE Mobile Portal UI Consulting facing for Wired-wireless convergence era
-NATE Mobile Portal UI Consulting with convergence with NATE.com(web)
Feb. 2004)
Convergence Portal UI Strategy
Knowledge Search Service
Phone-photo service
-NATE MMS Service UI Consulting and Design
Role : Production Leader

-NATE Melon Service Design (draft version) May 2004
Based on Ubiquitous Context

-NATE Style Guideline project (on progress)

● Research Projects
- A study on the User Mental Model of Push Service
- A study on the Voice User interface based on usability and its Prototype service
- A sutdy on the WAP Portal based on highly competitive environment
- A Case Study on Mall in Mall type User interface of Web portal service

●Overseas Activities
- 2004. 09. A Study on User Satisfaction of Wired-Wireless Convergence User Interface
- 2004. 06. WWCS2004, User Evaluation of Voice User Interface for Mobile Internet service

● Teaching Career
- 2004. 08 KIDP(Korea Industrial Design & Promotion), GUI course, 2nd Term
*Storyboard Design, Information appliance guideline & UI characteristics
- 2004. 05 ~ 2004.06. KIDP, GUI course, 1st Term
5/29, 6/1 Special Lectures ★new
* General GUI Guideline, Informatino appliance GUI guideline
- 2003.08 HED(Human Experience Design), Monthly Seminar, Mobile Usability,
- 2002·12 ~ 2003.08 Hankyoreh Times Cultural Center, Usability Expert's course, Lecturer
- 2003·10 KMAC, Marketing & Design Conference, Lecturer
- 2003·03 WiderThan co., ltd., Understanding of UI Design & Usability, Lecturer
- 2002·12 WiderThan co., ltd., Usability Improvement Process, Lecturer
- 2002·05 KMAC, The 3rd Design Consulting Expert Course,
*The Overview of eCreative Consulting, Special Lecturer
- 2002·02 IDAS(www.idas.ac.kr), Mobile User Experience seminar
- 2001·01 ~ 2001.02 Chungweon University, Industrial Design Department, Web Planning & design, Adjunct Professor
- 2000·11 Yongin University, Industrial Design Department, Interface Design Special Lecture
- 2000·05 ~ 2000.07 Doowon Technical College, Industrial Design Department, Information design & internet fundamental course, Lecturer
- 1998·03 ~ 1999·03 IDAS, Research Assistant

● Certificates
- Information Processing Industrial Specialist.
- Post Upper-intermediate Level Pass, British Council